China Consumer Daily inanena (mtolankhani Li Jian) Tsegulani chivindikiro (chikwama), chakonzeka kudya, chimakoma, ndipo ndichosavuta kusunga.Posachedwapa, chakudya cham'zitini chakhala chinthu chofunikira m'mabanja ambiri.Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa wapa intaneti wa ogula oposa 200 wopangidwa ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku China Consumer News adawonetsa kuti chifukwa chodera nkhawa kuti chakudyacho sichatsopano, chiyenera kukhala ndi zoteteza zambiri, komanso kutaya zakudya zambiri, anthu ambiri ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira. maonekedwe a zakudya zamzitini."Kukomera" kwenikweni sikukwera kwambiri.Koma kodi kukayikira kumeneku kulidi koyenera?Mvetserani zomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zakudya akunena.
Zitini zofewa, mwamvapo?
M'nthawi ya kusowa kwa zinthu, chakudya cham'zitini chinali chokoma chosiyana ndi "chapamwamba".M'makumbukiro ambiri a pambuyo pa 70s ndi pambuyo pa 80s, chakudya cham'chitini ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimatha kudyedwa pa zikondwerero kapena matenda.
Chakudya cham'zitini poyamba chinali chokoma patebulo losasangalatsa la anthu wamba.Pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chikhoza kukhala zamzitini.Akuti kusankha zakudya zamzitini ndi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingapangitse anthu kumva kulemera kwa phwando la Manchurian.
Komabe, ngati malingaliro anu pazakudya zam'chitini akadali pamlingo wa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nsomba ndi nyama zoyikidwa mu zitini za malata kapena mabotolo agalasi, zitha kukhala "zachikale".
"National Food Safety Standard for Canned Foods" imatanthawuza momveka bwino chakudya cham'chitini ngati chakudya chopanda malonda chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, bowa, ng'ombe ndi nkhuku nyama, nyama zam'madzi, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakonzedwa pokonzekera, kuyika, kusindikiza, kutentha kotseketsa ndi njira zina.Chakudya cham'chitini chokhala ndi mabakiteriya.
Pulofesa Wothandizira Wu Xiaomeng wochokera ku School of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering ku China Agricultural University anafotokoza poyankhulana ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku China Consumer News kuti tanthawuzo la chakudya cham'chitini ndi choyamba kusindikizidwa, ndipo chachiwiri ndi kukwaniritsa malonda osabereka.Zoyikapo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitha kukhala zoyika zolimba zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi zitini zachitsulo kapena zitini zamagalasi, kapena zotengera zosinthika monga matumba a aluminiyamu zojambulazo ndi zikwama zophikira zotentha kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zakudya zofewa zamzitini.Mwachitsanzo, matumba a masamba omwe ali m'matumba a aluminiyamu muzakudya zosiyanasiyana zodziwotcha, kapena matumba ophikira omwe amatenthedwa bwino, monga magawo a nkhumba onunkhira a Sichuan ndi ma shreds a nkhumba okongoletsedwa ndi nsomba, onse amakhala m'gulu lazakudya zamzitini.
Cha m'ma 2000, monga gawo loyambilira la mafakitale azakudya, chakudya cham'zitini pang'onopang'ono chidatchedwa "chopanda thanzi".
Mu 2003, mndandanda wa "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (chakudya cham'chitini chatchulidwa) ankaonedwa kuti ndi fuse ya kuzizira kwa chakudya cham'chitini mwa anthu.Ngakhale kuti mndandandawu wakhala wonyenga kwathunthu, chakudya cham'chitini, makamaka "chakudya cham'zitini cholimba" (chodzaza ndi zitsulo kapena mitsuko yagalasi), zikuwoneka kuti n'zovuta kutsegula mawu achinsinsi a anthu a ku China.
Deta imasonyeza kuti ngakhale dziko langa chakudya zamzitini tithe woyamba mu dziko, munthu kumwa zamzitini chakudya ndi zosakwana 8 makilogalamu, ndipo anthu ambiri amadya zosakwana mabokosi awiri pachaka.
Kudya chakudya cham'chitini ndi pafupifupi kofanana ndi zakudya zotetezera?Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti 69.68% ya omwe adafunsidwa samakonda kugula zakudya zamzitini, ndipo 21.72% ya omwe adafunsidwa amangogula mwa apo ndi apo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale 57.92% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cham'chitini ndi chosavuta kusunga komanso choyenera kusungidwa kunyumba, 32.58% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirirabe kuti chakudya cham'chitini chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi zotetezera zambiri.
M'malo mwake, chakudya cham'chitini ndi chimodzi mwazakudya zochepa zomwe sizifunikira kapena zoteteza pang'ono.
"National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" imati kuwonjezera pa bayberry wam'chitini (propionic acid ndi mchere wake wa sodium ndi calcium amaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi 50 g / kg), mphukira zam'chitini za nsungwi, sauerkraut, bowa wodyedwa ndi mtedza (wololedwa kuwonjezera Sulfur dioxide, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 0,5 g / kg), nyama yam'chitini (nitrite amaloledwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi 0,15 g / kg), mitundu 6 iyi yazakudya zamzitini imafunikira kwambiri. Mlingo wochepa wa zoteteza kuti athane ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo zina zonse sizingawonjezedwe.zoteteza.
Ndiye, kodi "zaka zachisanu" za chakudya cham'chitini zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kwa zaka 1 mpaka 3 kapena kupitilirabe kutentha kwa chipinda ndi chiyani?
Wu Xiaomeng adauza mtolankhani wa "China Consumer News" kuti chakudya cham'chitini chimatetezedwa ndi njira ziwiri zaukadaulo wotseketsa komanso kusungirako kosindikizidwa.Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kumakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu.Kukonza chakudya cham'chitini pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsekereza monga kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kungapangitse kuti tizilombo tambirimbiri tife.Pa nthawi yomweyo, njira monga utsi ndi kusindikiza akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kuipitsa chakudya.Mpweya wa okosijeni womwe uli mumtsukowo umalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono m'chidebecho, ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa mpweya kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunja kwa chidebecho, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha chakudya.Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wokonza chakudya, matekinoloje atsopano monga kuwongolera mumlengalenga ndi kutsekereza kwa microwave kumakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako yotenthetsera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, komanso kutseketsa koyenera.
Choncho, sikoyenera kudandaula za zotetezera zambiri muzinthu zam'chitini."Sayansi yodziwika" pa intaneti yoti "kudya chakudya cham'chitini ndi pafupifupi kofanana ndi zoteteza kudya" ndiyowopsa kwambiri.
Kodi chakudya cham'zitini ndi chakale komanso chopatsa thanzi?
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuda nkhawa ndi zoteteza, 24.43% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cham'chitini sichinali chatsopano.Mwa anthu opitilira 150 omwe adafunsidwa omwe "amagula kawirikawiri" komanso "osagula" chakudya cham'chitini, 77.62% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cham'zitini sichatsopano.
Ngakhale ogula ena ayamba kuganizira kusankha zakudya zamzitini zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzisunga chifukwa cha zinthu monga kupewa ndi kuwononga miliri ndi kusunga kunyumba, izi sizinasinthe maganizo a anthu za "staleness" yake.
M'malo mwake, kuwonekera kwaukadaulo wokonza zam'chitini ndikusunga chakudya chatsopano.
Wu Xiaomeng adafotokoza kuti zakudya monga nyama ndi nsomba zitha kuwonongeka ngati sizikonzedwa munthawi yake.Ngati masamba ndi zipatso sizikonzedwa munthawi yake zitathyoledwa, zakudya zimangotayika.Chifukwa chake, ma brand ena okhala ndi unyolo wokwanira nthawi zambiri amasankha nthawi yokhwima yokhala ndi zopangira zazikuluzikulu ndikuzipanga zatsopano, ndipo kusankha kwazinthu zonse ndi kukonza zimatenga maola osakwana 10.Palibenso kutayika kwa michere kuposa momwe zopangira zatsopano zimatengera potola, kunyamula, kugulitsa, kenako kupita mufiriji ya ogula.
Zoonadi, mavitamini ena omwe amalekerera kutentha pang'ono amataya kutentha kwawo panthawi ya kumalongeza, koma zakudya zambiri zimasungidwa.Kutayika kumeneku sikulinso kuposa kutayika kwa zakudya kuchokera ku masamba ophika kunyumba tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi zina, zakudya zamzitini zimatha kukhala zopindulitsa pakusunga vitamini.Mwachitsanzo, tomato wam'chitini, ngakhale wosabala, ambiri a vitamini C okhutira akadalipo pamene iwo akuchoka fakitale, ndipo iwo ndi okhazikika.Chitsanzo china ndi nsomba zamzitini.Pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsekeka kwakukulu, osati nyama ndi mafupa a nsomba zomwe zimakhala zofewa, komanso calcium yambiri imasungunuka.Kashiamu yomwe ili m'bokosi la nsomba zam'chitini imatha kukhala nthawi 10 kuposa nsomba zatsopano zolemera zomwezo.Iron, zinki, ayodini, selenium ndi mchere wina mu nsomba sizidzatayika.
N'chifukwa chiyani "mafuta" chakudya zamzitini
Nthawi zambiri, amalangizidwa kuti ogula apite kumasitolo akuluakulu kapena masitolo akuluakulu kukagula zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga nthawi zonse, ndikuweruza ubwino wa zakudya zamzitini kuchokera ku maonekedwe, kulongedza, khalidwe lachidziwitso, zolemba, ndi chizindikiro.
Wu Xiaomeng adakumbutsa kuti zitini za zitini zachitsulo zokhazikika ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe athunthu, osapindika, osawonongeka, osapanga dzimbiri, ndipo chivundikiro chapansi chiyenera kukhala chopindika mkati;pakati pa chivundikiro chachitsulo cha zitini za botolo lagalasi chiyenera kukhumudwa pang'ono, ndipo zomwe zili mkati ziyenera kuwonedwa kupyolera mu thupi la botolo.Maonekedwewo ayenera kukhala athunthu, msuziwo ndi womveka, ndipo palibe zonyansa.
Chikumbutso chapadera ndi chakuti ngati mukukumana ndi zinthu zotsatirazi, ziribe kanthu momwe zomwe zili m'chitini zingayesedwe, musadye.
Imodzi ndi zamzitini "kumvetsera kwamafuta", ndiko kuti, thanki yowonjezera.Chifukwa chachikulu chakukulira kwa chitolirocho ndikuti mkati mwa chitinicho chimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndipo timapanga mpweya.Mipweya imeneyi imaunjikana pamlingo wakutiwakuti, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku mapindikidwe a chitinicho.Choncho, chakudya cham'chitini "chikulemera", mbendera yofiira kwambiri yomwe yapita.
Chachiwiri, zoikamo zamzitini zikuchucha ndi nkhungu.M'kati mwa kusungirako ndi kunyamula katundu wam'chitini, chifukwa cha tokhala ndi zifukwa zina, kulongedza katunduyo kudzakhala kopunduka, ndipo mpweya umatuluka pa chisindikizo cha chivindikiro.Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'chitini zigwirizane ndi dziko lakunja, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingagwiritse ntchito mwayi wolowa.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 93.21% ya omwe adafunsidwa anali ndi chisankho choyenera pa izi.Komabe, pafupifupi 7% mwa omwe adafunsidwa adakhulupirira kuti ming'alu yomwe idachitika panthawi yoyendetsa sichinali vuto lalikulu, ndipo adasankha kugula ndi kudya.
Wu Xiaomeng adakumbutsa kuti nyama zambiri zamzitini ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba sizolemera kwambiri, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuzidya nthawi imodzi mukatsegula.Ngati simungathe kuzimaliza, muyenera kuzitsanulira mu chidebe cha enamel, ceramic kapena pulasitiki, ndikusindikiza ndi pulasitiki, kuzisunga mufiriji, ndikuzidya mwamsanga.
Ponena za msuzi wa shuga wam'chitini ndi kupanikizana, shuga wambiri amakhala 40% -65%.Kunena zoona, sikophweka kuwonongeka mutatsegula, koma sikuyenera kukhala wosasamala.Ngati simungadye zonse nthawi imodzi, muyenera kuphimba mtsukowo, kapena kuthira mumtsuko wina ndikumata ndi pulasitiki, kenako ndikusunga mufiriji, ndikuyesa kudya mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, ikhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku angapo.
Maulalo Ofananira: Malonda Aseptic
Zakudya zam'zitini sizikhala zopanda pake, koma ndizopanda malonda.Kusabereka kwamalonda kumatanthawuza dziko limene chakudya cham'chitini, pambuyo pochotsa kutentha kwapakati, sichikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso mulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatha kuchulukitsa momwemo kutentha.M'malo azamalonda a aseptic, chakudya cham'zitini chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kukhala chotetezeka kuti chigwiritsidwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-04-2023