China Consumer Daily inanena (mtolankhani Li Jian) Tsegulani chivindikiro (thumba), chili chokonzeka kudyedwa, chimakoma bwino, ndipo n'chosavuta kusunga. Posachedwapa, chakudya cha m'zitini chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'masitolo ambiri a mabanja. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa wa pa intaneti wa ogula oposa 200 ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku China Consumer News wasonyeza kuti chifukwa cha nkhawa kuti chakudyacho sichili chatsopano, chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosungira, komanso kutaya zakudya zambiri, anthu ambiri ali ndi malingaliro okwanira pa chakudya cha m'zitini. "Kukoma mtima" kwenikweni sikuli kokwera kwambiri. Koma kodi kukayikira kumeneku kuli koyeneradi? Tamverani zomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zakudya akunena.
Zitini zofewa, mwamvapo za izo?
Mu nthawi ya kusowa kwa zinthu, chakudya cha m'zitini chinali kukoma kosiyana kodzaza ndi "zapamwamba". M'zikumbukiro zambiri za zaka za m'ma 70 ndi pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 80, chakudya cha m'zitini ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chingadyedwe panthawi ya zikondwerero kapena matenda.
Chakudya cha m'zitini chinali chakudya chokoma kwambiri patebulo losasangalatsa la anthu wamba. Pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chikhoza kusungidwa m'zitini. Akuti kusankha chakudya cha m'zitini n'kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingapangitse anthu kumva kukoma kwa phwando lathunthu la Manchurian.
Komabe, ngati malingaliro anu okhudza chakudya cha m'zitini akadali pamlingo wa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nsomba ndi nyama zomwe zapakidwa m'zitini kapena m'mabotolo agalasi, mwina zingakhale "zakale".
"National Food Safety Standard for Canned Food" imafotokoza momveka bwino kuti chakudya cha m'zitini ndi chakudya chosakhala chachizolowezi chopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, bowa wodyedwa, nyama ya ziweto ndi nkhuku, nyama zam'madzi, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakonzedwa pokonzekera, kuziika m'zitini, kuzitseka, kuziyeretsa ndi njira zina. Chakudya cha m'zitini chokhala ndi mabakiteriya.
Pulofesa Wu Xiaomeng wochokera ku Sukulu ya Sayansi ya Zakudya ndi Uinjiniya wa Zakudya ku China Agricultural University anafotokoza poyankhulana ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku China Consumer News kuti tanthauzo la chakudya cha m'zitini ndilofunika kutsekedwa, ndipo lachiwiri ndikupeza kusabala kwa malonda. Mapaketi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito akhoza kukhala mapaketi olimba omwe amaimiridwa ndi zitini zachitsulo zachikhalidwe kapena zitini zagalasi, kapena mapaketi osinthasintha monga matumba a zojambulazo za aluminiyamu ndi matumba ophikira otentha kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa zakudya zofewa zam'zitini. Mwachitsanzo, matumba a masamba m'matumba a zojambulazo za aluminiyamu m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana zodzitenthetsera, kapena matumba ophikira okonzedwa kale kutentha kwabwinobwino monga zidutswa za nkhumba zokometsedwa ndi Sichuan ndi zidutswa za nkhumba zokometsedwa ndi nsomba, zonse zili m'gulu la chakudya cha m'zitini.
Cha m'ma 2000, monga gulu loyambirira la mafakitale mumakampani azakudya, chakudya cham'zitini pang'onopang'ono chinalembedwa kuti "chosapatsa thanzi".
Mu 2003, mndandanda wa "Zakudya Khumi Zapamwamba Zopanda Thanzi Zofalitsidwa ndi WHO" (zakudya zam'chitini zalembedwa) unkaonedwa kuti ndi womwe umayambitsa kuzizira kwa chakudya cham'chitini mwa anthu. Ngakhale kuti mndandandawu wanyengedwa kwathunthu, chakudya cham'chitini, makamaka "chakudya cholimba cham'chitini" chachikhalidwe (chopakidwa m'mitsuko yachitsulo kapena yagalasi), chikuwoneka kuti n'chovuta kutsegula mawu achinsinsi a anthu aku China.
Deta ikusonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti dziko langa limapanga chakudya cha m'zitini kukhala choyamba padziko lonse lapansi, kudya chakudya cha m'zitini pa munthu aliyense ndi kochepera makilogalamu 8, ndipo anthu ambiri amadya mabokosi osakwana awiri pachaka.
Kudya chakudya cha m'zitini kuli ngati kudya zinthu zosungira? Kafukufuku waung'ono uwu akusonyeza kuti 69.68% ya omwe adafunsidwa sagula chakudya cha m'zitini kawirikawiri, ndipo 21.72% ya omwe adafunsidwa amagula nthawi zina. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale 57.92% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cha m'zitini n'chosavuta kusunga komanso choyenera kusungidwa kunyumba, 32.58% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirirabe kuti chakudya cha m'zitini chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosungira zambiri.
Ndipotu, chakudya cha m'zitini ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zochepa zomwe sizifuna kapena sizifuna zotetezera zambiri.
"National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" imati kuwonjezera pa bayberry wophikidwa m'zitini (propionic acid ndi sodium ndi calcium salts zake zimaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi 50 g/kg), mphukira za nsungwi zophikidwa m'zitini, sauerkraut, bowa wodyedwa ndi mtedza (wololedwa kuwonjezera Sulfur dioxide, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi 0.5 g/kg), nyama yophikidwa m'zitini (nitrite ndi yololedwa, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi 0.15 g/kg), mitundu 6 iyi ya chakudya chophikidwa m'zitini imafunikira mankhwala osungira ochepa kwambiri kuti athane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zina zonse sizingawonjezedwe.
Ndiye, kodi "zaka zozizira" za chakudya cham'zitini chomwe nthawi zambiri chimasungidwa kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka zitatu kapena kupitirira apo kutentha kwa chipinda ndi chiyani?
Wu Xiaomeng adauza mtolankhani wa "China Consumer News" kuti chakudya cha m'zitini chimatetezedwa ndi njira ziwiri zaukadaulo woyeretsa ndi kusungiramo zotsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kumakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu. Kukonza chakudya cha m'zitini pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsa monga kutentha kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri tife. Nthawi yomweyo, njira monga kutulutsa utsi ndi kutseka zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuipitsa chakudya. Mpweya womwe uli m'chidebecho umalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'chidebecho, ndikuletsa mpweya kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kutuluka kunja kwa chidebecho kulowa m'chidebecho, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili bwino. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wokonza chakudya, ukadaulo watsopano monga kuyeretsa mpweya ndi kuyeretsa m'ma microwave uli ndi nthawi yochepa yotenthetsera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kuyeretsa bwino.
Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zambiri zosungira zomwe zili m'zitini. "Sayansi yotchuka" pa intaneti yakuti "kudya chakudya cha m'zitini kuli ngati kudya zinthu zosungira" ndi yowopsa kwambiri.
Kodi chakudya cha m'zitini n'chosatha komanso chopatsa thanzi?
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zosungira, 24.43% ya omwe adafunsidwa adakhulupirira kuti chakudya cha m'zitini sichinali chatsopano. Pakati pa anthu oposa 150 omwe "sagula kawirikawiri" komanso "sagula" chakudya cha m'zitini, 77.62% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cha m'zitini sichinali chatsopano.
Ngakhale ogula ena ayamba kuganizira zosankha chakudya cha m'zitini chomwe n'chosavuta kusunga chifukwa cha zinthu monga kupewa ndi kuletsa miliri komanso kusunga chakudya m'nyumba, izi sizinasinthe momwe anthu amaonera kuti ndi "chachikale".
Ndipotu, kubuka kwa ukadaulo wokonza zinthu m'zitini ndiko kusunga chakudya chatsopano.
Wu Xiaomeng anafotokoza kuti chakudya monga nyama ndi nsomba chidzawonongeka msanga ngati sichikonzedwa pa nthawi yake. Ngati ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso sizikonzedwa pa nthawi yake zitatengedwa, michere idzapitirira kutayika. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ina yokhala ndi unyolo wokwanira woperekera zakudya nthawi zambiri imasankha nthawi yokhwima yokhala ndi zosakaniza zambiri ndikupanga zatsopano, ndipo njira yonse yosankha ndi kukonza zinthu imatenga maola osakwana 10. Palibe kutayika kwa michere kuposa njira yomwe zosakaniza zatsopano zimatenga kuyambira pakutola, kunyamula, kugulitsa, kenako kupita ku firiji ya ogula.
Inde, mavitamini ena omwe satha kutentha kwambiri amataya kutentha kwawo akamaika m'zitini, koma michere yambiri imasungidwa. Kutayika kumeneku sikulinso koposa kutayika kwa michere kuchokera ku ndiwo zamasamba zophikidwa kunyumba tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi zina, zakudya zam'chitini zingakhale zothandiza pakusunga mavitamini. Mwachitsanzo, tomato zam'chitini, ngakhale zili zoyeretsedwa, vitamini C yambiri imakhalabe ikachoka ku fakitale, ndipo imakhala yokhazikika. Chitsanzo china ndi nsomba zam'chitini. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyeretsa kwambiri, nyama ndi mafupa a nsomba sizimangokhala zofewa, komanso calcium yambiri imasungunuka. Kalisiamu yomwe ili m'bokosi la nsomba zam'chitini imatha kukhala yokwera nthawi 10 kuposa ya nsomba zatsopano zolemera chimodzimodzi. Iron, zinc, ayodini, selenium ndi mchere wina mu nsomba sizidzatayika.
Chifukwa chiyani simungathe kudya zakudya zam'chitini "zonenepa"
Nthawi zambiri, amalimbikitsa kuti ogula azipita ku malo akuluakulu ogulitsira zinthu kapena masitolo akuluakulu kukagula zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga wamba, ndikuweruza mtundu wa chakudya cha m'zitini kuchokera ku mawonekedwe, ma CD, mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa, zilembo, ndi chizindikiro.
Wu Xiaomeng anakumbutsa kuti zitini za zitini zachitsulo wamba ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe athunthu, osasinthika, osawonongeka, opanda dzimbiri, ndipo chivundikiro cha pansi chiyenera kukhala chopindika mkati; pakati pa chivundikiro chachitsulo cha zitini zagalasi za mabotolo chiyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, ndipo zomwe zili mkati ziyenera kuwonedwa kudzera m'thupi la botolo. Mawonekedwe ake ayenera kukhala athunthu, supuyo ikhale yoyera, ndipo palibe zonyansa.
Chikumbutso chapadera ndichakuti ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa, ngakhale zili zokopa bwanji zomwe zili mu chitinicho, musadye.
Chimodzi ndi "kumvetsera mafuta" m'zitini, ndiko kuti, thanki yowonjezera. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula kwa chitini ndichakuti mkati mwa chitini mumaipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo mumapanga mpweya. Mpweya umenewu umasonkhana pamlingo winawake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitinicho chisinthe. Chifukwa chake, chakudya cha m'zitini "chikulemera", chizindikiro chodziwikiratu kuti chawonongeka.
Chachiwiri, phukusi la m'zitini likutuluka madzi ndipo likuoneka ngati nkhungu. Posungira ndi kunyamula zinthu zam'zitini, chifukwa cha matumphu ndi zifukwa zina, phukusi la zinthuzo lidzasokonekera, ndipo mpweya udzatuluka pa chivundikiro cha chitini. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'chitini zikhudze dziko lakunja, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingagwiritse ntchito mwayi wolowa.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 93.21% ya omwe adafunsidwa anali ndi chisankho choyenera pa izi. Komabe, pafupifupi 7% ya omwe adafunsidwa adakhulupirira kuti matumphu omwe amachitika panthawi yoyendera sanali vuto lalikulu, ndipo adasankha kugula ndi kudya.
Wu Xiaomeng anakumbutsa kuti nyama zambiri zam'chitini, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba sizili zolemera kwambiri, ndipo ndi bwino kuzidya nthawi imodzi mutatsegula. Ngati simungathe kuzimaliza, muyenera kuzithira mu chidebe cha chakudya cha enamel, ceramic kapena pulasitiki, kuzitseka ndi pulasitiki, kuzisunga mufiriji, ndikuzidya mwachangu momwe mungathere.
Ponena za msuzi wa shuga wothira m'zitini ndi jamu, shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala 40%-65%. Ponena za izi, sizophweka kuwonongeka mutatsegula, koma siziyenera kukhala zosasamala. Ngati simungathe kuzidya zonse nthawi imodzi, muyenera kuphimba botolo, kapena kuzitsanulira mu chidebe china ndikuzitseka ndi pulasitiki, kenako muzisunge mufiriji, ndikuyesera kuzidya mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira, zimatha kusungidwa kwa masiku angapo.
Maulalo Ogwirizana: Aseptic Yamalonda
Zakudya zam'zitini sizili zoyera konse, koma zimakhala zoyera ku malonda. Kuyera ku malonda kumatanthauza momwe chakudya cham'zitini, pambuyo poyeretsedwa pang'ono kutentha, sichikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso sichikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tingachulukire mkati mwake kutentha kwabwinobwino. Mu mkhalidwe wa kusakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku malonda, chakudya cham'zitini chingatsimikizidwe kuti ndi chotetezeka kudya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-04-2023