Zamalonda sterility wa zamzitini chakudya amatanthauza ndi wosabala boma limene palibe tizilombo tizilombo ndi sanali tizilombo tizilombo kuti akhoza kuberekana mu zamzitini chakudya pambuyo chakudya zam'chitini wadutsa zolimbitsa kutentha yolera yotseketsa mankhwala, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti chakudya zamzitini tikwaniritse. moyo wautali wa alumali pamaziko owonetsetsa kuti zakudya zili zotetezeka komanso zabwino.The malonda sterility chakudya zamzitini chakudya microbiological kuyezetsa yodziwika ndi wosabala wachibale, palibe tizilombo tizilombo, ndipo palibe tizilombo kuti akhoza kuchulukitsa mu zitini firiji.
Kuti mukwaniritse miyezo yovomerezeka yazamalonda, njira yopangira zakudya zamzitini nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo njira zopangira zinthu, kuziyika, kusindikiza, kutsekereza koyenera, ndikuyika.Opanga omwe ali ndiukadaulo wotsogola kwambiri komanso zofunikira zowongolera zapamwamba zimakhala ndi njira zopangira zovuta komanso zangwiro.
Tekinoloje yowunikira zam'chitini pakuwunika kwazakudya kwapang'onopang'ono kwakhala kokwanira, ndipo kuwunika kwa njira yake kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulowu pochita zinthu zowonetsetsa kuti chakudya cham'chitini chili chotetezeka.Njira yeniyeni yowunikira zamzitini pakuwunika kwazakudya kwapang'onopang'ono ndi motere (mabungwe ena owunikira omwe ali ndi chipani chachitatu akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zowunika):
1. Zazitini bakiteriya chikhalidwe
Zazitini bakiteriya chikhalidwe ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika mu malonda sterility anayendera chakudya zamzitini.Mwa kukulitsa mwaukadaulo zomwe zili mu zitsanzo zamzitini, ndikuwunika ndikuwunika mabakiteriya otukuka, zigawo zazing'ono zomwe zili muzakudya zamzitini zitha kuwunikidwa.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono m'zitini timaphatikizira koma sizongokhala mabakiteriya a thermophilic, monga Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Clostridium saccharolyticus, Clostridium niger, etc.;mabakiteriya mesophilic anaerobic, monga botulinum poizoni Clostridium, Clostridium spoilage, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium pasteurianum, etc.;Mesophilic aerobic mabakiteriya, monga Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, etc.;Mabakiteriya osapanga spore monga Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, yisiti Ndi nkhungu, nkhungu zosagwira kutentha ndi zina zotero.Musanachite chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya am'chitini, onetsetsani kuti mwayesa pH ya chitini kuti musankhe sing'anga yoyenera.
2. Zitsanzo za zinthu zoyesera
Njira yotsatsira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu zoyesera zazakudya zamzitini.Poyesa magulu akulu azakudya zamzitini, zitsanzo nthawi zambiri zimachitika motengera wopanga, chizindikiro, mitundu, gwero lazakudya zamzitini kapena nthawi yopanga.Kwa zitini zachilendo monga zitini zokhala ndi dzimbiri, zitini zophwanyidwa, mano, ndi kutupa komwe kumachitika amalonda ndi malo osungiramo katundu, zitsanzo zenizeni nthawi zambiri zimachitika malinga ndi momwe zilili.Ndikofunikira pakuyesa zinthu zoyesera kuti musankhe njira yoyenera yotsatsira malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, kuti mupeze zida zoyesera zomwe zikuwonetsa mtundu wa chakudya chamzitini.
3. Sungani chitsanzo
Musanasunge zitsanzo, ntchito monga sikelo, kutentha, ndi kutsegula zitini zimafunika.Yezerani kulemera kwa chitini payokha, kutengera mtundu wa chitini, iyenera kukhala yolondola mpaka 1g kapena 2g.Kuphatikizidwa ndi pH ndi kutentha, zitini zimasungidwa kutentha kosalekeza kwa masiku 10;zitini zomwe zili zonenepa kapena zotayikira panthawiyi ziyenera kusankhidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti ziwonedwe.Ntchito yoteteza kutentha ikatha, ikani chidebecho pamalo otentha kuti mutsegulire aseptic.Mukatsegula chidebecho, gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera kutenga 10-20 mg ya zomwe zili pasadakhale mumkhalidwe wosabala, kusamutsa mu chidebe chosawilitsidwa, ndikusunga mufiriji.
4.Low acid chakudya chikhalidwe
Kulima zakudya zopanda asidi kumafuna njira zapadera: kulima msuzi wofiirira wa brompotassium pa 36 °C, kulima msuzi wa brompotassium wofiirira pa 55 °C, ndi kulima nyama yophika pa 36 °C.Zotsatira zake zimapakidwa utoto ndikuthimbirira, ndipo kuwunika kolondola kumakonzedwa pambuyo pakuwunika kwapang'onopang'ono, kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwachidziwitso cha mitundu ya mabakiteriya muzakudya zopanda asidi.Mukakulitsa m'katikati, yang'anani kuyang'ana kupanga kwa asidi ndi kupanga gasi kwa timagulu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, komanso mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maderawo, kuti mutsimikizire mtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'zakudya.
5. Kuyeza kwa Microscopic
Kuyeza kwa Microscopic smear ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyezera kusabereka kwa malonda am'chitini, yomwe imafunikira owunikira odziwa bwino ntchito kuti amalize.M'malo wosabala, pogwiritsira ntchito aseptic, pakani madzi a bakiteriya a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali mu zitsanzo zamzitini zomwe zimabzalidwa pa kutentha kosalekeza mkatikati, ndikuwona maonekedwe a mabakiteriya pansi pa maikulosikopu yamphamvu kwambiri, kuti awonongeke. kudziwa mitundu ya tizilombo mu madzi bakiteriya.Kuwunika, ndikukonzekera sitepe yotsatira ya chikhalidwe choyengedwa ndi chizindikiritso kuti mupitirize kutsimikizira mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe ali mu chitini.Izi zimafuna akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri a oyendera, ndipo wakhalanso ulalo womwe ungayese bwino chidziwitso cha akatswiri ndi luso la oyendera.
6. Mayeso a kulima kwa chakudya cha acidic ndi pH pansi pa 4.6
Pazakudya za acidic zokhala ndi pH yotsika kuposa 4.6, kuyezetsa mabakiteriya owopsa m'zakudya nthawi zambiri sikufunikiranso.Pakukula kwachindunji, kuwonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa acidic ngati sing'anga, m'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa malt ngati sing'anga yolima.Popaka ndi kuunika kowoneka bwino kwa mabakiteriya otukuka, mitundu ya mabakiteriya omwe ali m'zitini za asidi imatha kudziwitsidwa, kuti apitilize kuwunika kowona bwino kwa chitetezo cha chakudya cha zitini za asidi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-10-2022